 Overview
CPA-PM calculates hourly customer electrical loads
based on building specifications, weather and billing
data. It combines the loads with detailed supply costing
data to estimate costs and revenues for combinations
of customers in various segments, rate classes or weather
zones. The loads can be aggregated by class, area, type,
rate, or mix of customer types. These aggregated loads
can be reported at the point of metering with all losses
included, or can be reflected and aggregated to points
of delivery to the Distribution Company. The cost data
can include capital allocation, transmission, and distribution
losses.
CPA-PM calculates customer profitability by combining
varying numbers of customer prototypes. Each customer
type is constructed through a series of data screens,
where context specific default values are replaced by
user-entered customer data. These can be saved and mixed
to form composite customer groups, or they can be carefully
examined one at a time for:
- Examining aggregates of many customer types and
locations,
- Determining the overall effect of a change in supply
cost (due perhaps to a new contract, or a loss assignment),
- Examining the effects of a customer target change,
or a rate structure change, on a power marketer's
bottom line
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Analysis
Levels
A basic analysis assumes only some basic information
is available: customer's types, location and size, rate
schedule(s), and the price of power at the Point of
Delivery (POD). ADM supplies defaults for all building
specifications and distribution loss coefficients.
A more advanced analysis adds customers' Point of
Metering (POM) billing data and site descriptions, system
demand, and some distribution loss data. From these,
detailed calibrated end-use hourly loads can be generated
using DOE-2 and weather data for 237 locations throughout
the United States. Profits are derived using distribution
line losses calculated hourly based on data from FERC
filings, system, and customer's demand data.
A complete analysis includes distribution loss estimation
from substation and circuit tapes, competitive capital
allocation, energy efficiency measures, transmission
loss analysis, and the inclusion of customer-by-customer
service, diversions, and billing costs. This level would
allow for the detailed analysis of the difference between
the Point of Metering for customers and the Point of
Delivery of power by aggregator.
Hourly customer loads are generated from the Customer
Specifications and weather data. These loads create
a demand on the electric system that has two components:
hourly customer demand that has to be supplied or generated,
and losses that result from this demand. By comparing
hourly the marginal revenues and the marginal costs
for all the different types of customers, CPA-PM builds
an hourly profile of each customer. These can be tabulated
by days, months, or in an annual summary.
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Capital
Allocation / Distribution Losses and DISCO Loading
CPA-PM calculates hourly customer electrical loads
based on building specifications, weather and billing
data. It combines the loads with detailed supply costing
data to estimate costs and revenues for combinations
of customers in various segments, rate classes or weather
zones. The loads can be aggregated by class, area, type,
rate, or mix of customer types. These aggregated loads
can be reported at the point of metering with all losses
included, or can be reflected and aggregated to points
of delivery to the Distribution Company. The cost data
can include capital allocation, transmission, and distribution
losses.
Capital Allocation
The Capital Allocation module uses an incremental competitive
model to allocate capital assets to each level. The
Capital Allocation Model asks as a core question, "What
capital is required for each of the different products
being sold". Capital costs are shared among all
requiring that capital for the hours that that capital
is used.
Since the fixed cost allocation is vital to some types
of users and irrelevant to others, it is left as a model
extension. The two capital models which may be applicable
are the G(POD) (equipment upstream of the power delivery
point) and the D(POM) (Distribution Capital between
the POD and POM.)
Distribution Losses and DISCO loading
There are four types of individual customer hourly
distribution losses and loading in CPA-PM, other than
Capital Allocation;
- assigned charges per customer,
- assigned charges per kWh,
- assigned charges per kW, and
- calculated resistive losses.
What goes into the first three charges will vary from
service territory to territory, and are input by the
user as the regulatory environment changes. These charges
might include Public Goods fees, stranded cost recovery,
diversions, errors, disco fees, and similar costs charged
to the consumer.
The distribution losses are estimated in their own
module, and can be calculated using varying amounts
of data, depending on the accuracy desired. This module
can use (in decreasing levels of accuracy) data derived
directly from circuit or substation tapes, geographic
data as to where a customer is on a distribution line
(GIS), FERC loss data, and system demand data, in addition
to service voltage and the customer's hourly KVA data.
All of these can be aggregated and reported in summary
tabulations.
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Transmission
Losses, Dispatch and System Overhead
Transmission engineers and economists perform load
flow analyses and settlements to determine who should
pay whom for losses and costs on a transmission system.
In an open market model, the settlement process for
allocating losses will be different in each settlement
area. CPA-PM assigns penalty factors and ISO level settlement
fees to each POD substation bus. ISO fees can be input
via combinations of an hourly kW charge, a percent of
system peak charge, a TOU bus dependent charge, or a
penalty factor, capturing losses between generation
and different Points of Delivery.
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Real
Time Customer Analysis / Operation
Real Time Customer Analysis
One of the principle questions in this business is
"What if we go after a customer type with a given
rate?" CPA-PM gives the user a bottom line effect
of any changes in customer mix, rate schedules, cost
structures, losses (real and allocated), fees, and surcharges.
Parameters can be changed in one screen, and changes
in the aggregate loads and bottom line profits can be
observed in a second.
The program's graphic interface allows the user to gain
a real time feel for the effect of an efficiency measure's
effect, not only on the customers bills, but also on
the Power Marketer's bottom line.
Operation
The mode of operation is to run one or more prototype
customers through a test year. This test year has as
much real data as possible. The program simulates the
customers, the system, the complete loss, the fee, and
revenue structures hour by hour -- for every hour of
the year. Once the test year is run, CPA-PM summarizes
aggregated loads, revenues, and costs in a manner useful
to Power Marketers.
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Reports
/ Graphics
Reports
The underlying questions are customer targeting and
profitability. The program is set up so that any combination
of customers can be run one at a time. A list of reports
in the initial release are as follows. (More are being
added as time goes by.) All reports can tabulate aggregations
by customer type, area, rate, hour, month, or year,
as well as POD, or distribution circuit.
- Aggregated Load Report: Total kW
and kWh hourly loads.
- Revenue and POD/POM Cost Reports
- Profitability: Hourly probability
aggregated by, customer type, rate, geographic area,
TOD, monthly, and year summaries.
- Generation Cost Report: Generation
costs, ISO charges, and assignments.
- Capital Allocation Report: Allocation
parameters, and capital allocation broken out by customer
type, and by period. Capital is allocated on a competitive
model based on a multi-product common user plant share
model. Capital costs are allocated to those customers,
who hourly needed it, in proportion to their individual
use.
- Miscellaneous Charges Report: Disco
Fees, Diversions, Collection surcharges and other
fees entered.
- Rate Structure Analysis: Change
in revenue for changes in rate schedule
Graphics
Graphical displays in the initial release include displays
of test year results by customer types, on an hourly,
monthly, or annual basis. The graphics include display
of the loads, costs revenues, and a profits from a single
or aggregates sets of customers The intent of the graphics
is for technical analysis of rate design -- the graphs
clearly show when and why a Power Marketer is making
or loosing money on a given customer type, while the
reports give tabulated totals.
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Licensing
/ System Requirements / Additional Information
Licensing
Site licensing and individual CPU installations are
available.
System Requirements
- CPA-PM requires the following hardware
- Pentium computer (minimum processor speed of 90
MHz)
- Windows 95 - (NT version expected 10/97)
- 16 Megabytes RAM
- 100 Megabytes free disk space
- CD ROM drive
- SVGA Monitor (minimum resolution 800 x 600)
Additional Information
A version of CPA-123 is available for Energy Services
and Performance Contracting applications. This version
computes energy and cost reduction potential, implementation
costs, and payback periods for all locations throughout
the United States.
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